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White Book of Hergest
The White Book of Hergest ((ウェールズ語:Llyfr Gwyn Hergest), sometimes given as ''Llyfr Gwyn o Hergest'') was an important Welsh manuscript compiled in c. 1450. It contained many Welsh poems and prose texts and was a significant source for several antiquaries of the 17th and 18th centuries, but disappeared in the early 19th century, probably being destroyed in a fire in a London bookbinder's shop in around 1810.
==History==
The manuscript was one of several associated with the Vaughan family of Hergest Court near Kington, Herefordshire, but was originally, at least in part, the work of the poet and scribe Lewys Glyn Cothi,〔Huws, D. ''Medieval Welsh manuscripts'', University of Wales Press, 2000, p.96〕 who is thought to have compiled it at Margam Abbey using texts found there.〔Stephens, M. ''The Oxford companion to the literature of Wales'', OUP, 1986, p.386〕 Glyn Cothi was a close associate of the Vaughans of Hergest and wrote elegies on the deaths of both Thomas ap Vaughan (d. 1469) and his son Richard.〔(VAUGHAN family, of Hergest ), National Library of Wales〕 As befitted a manuscript produced for wealthy patrons, the White Book was a substantial document written on costly vellum, taking its name from the colour of its binding.
The scholar John Davies of Mallwyd transcribed a number of poems from the White Book into a manuscript now known as Peniarth 49. The 17th-century antiquary Robert Vaughan, who referred to the White Book as "a very fair and ancient" manuscript,〔Vaughan, R. ''British antiquities revived'', 1834, p.53〕 also copied parts of it and used it as a genealogical source; Vaughan was also responsible for identifying Glyn Cothi's hand in the White Book. Other later researchers made copies of various individual sections, such as Moses Williams, who transcribed parts into Llanstephan MS. 74.
The manuscript came into the possession of the collector and antiquary William Maurice (d.1680), and was subsequently sold along with the rest of Maurice's library to Sir William Williams.〔(William Maurice ), National Library of Wales〕 The library was ultimately moved to the mansion of Wynnstay, where most of it was to be destroyed in an 1858 fire. The White Book of Hergest, however, seems to have already been lost in an earlier fire after it was sent (along with several other manuscripts) to Mackinley's bookbinder in Covent Garden for rebinding. Various dates for this event (such as 1810, 1808 or 1800) are found in different sources, though ''Y Cymmrodor'', the journal of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, vol 1 (1822), records it as recent.〔Roberts, P. "Manuscripts Lost" in ''Transactions, The Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion'', v.1 (1822), 175〕 Angharad Llwyd stated that it occurred as a result of the disastrous fire at the Covent Garden Theatre, which took place in 1808; a record notes that the premises of John Mackinley at 8 Bow Street burned down along with the theatre.
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